NPTEFF PT Exam 3 Course Students

Which of the following signs and symptoms is MOST LIKELY to be associated with a L4 nerve root lesion?

A positive test on which of the following would MOST LIKELY warrant the physical therapist to have chosen this stretching technique, as seen in the picture below?

During a neurological evaluation, a patient failed to recognize a key and pen through their sense of touch with their eyes closed. Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding the patient’s clinical presentation?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings of a patient’s Brainstem reveals a tumor on the lateral pontine region, affecting the nucleus of the right Trigeminal Nerve. Which of the following signs and symptoms are MOST LIKELY to be seen?

A 52 year-old patient presents with right knee pain during ambulation over the last 2 weeks. During the examination, patient points to pain radiating to the right calf, aggravated with ankle dorsiflexion, right knee flexion active ROM is limited, decreased sensation to light touch on the entire plantar aspect of the right foot, and decreased strength of the gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus. What is the MOST LIKELY diagnoses based on the patient’s clinical presentation?

The therapist observes the electrocardiogram pattern, as seen in the image. The patient’s heart rate is 65 bpm and the blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Which of the following is MOST accurate given the patient scenario?

Which of the following structures is MOST LIKELY associated with jumper’s knee?

Based on the video, which strategy is being demonstrated to help prevent a loss of balance?

*If the video does not load, click HERE to open in a new tab*

A 54-year-old patient underwent an anterior approach total hip arthroplasty. On day 2 post-operatively, the physical therapist is educating the patient on precautions, in order to prevent a hip dislocation. Which of the following is a combined motion that the patient should AVOID?

A patient presents with dizziness of certain head movements and brief vertigo symptoms that occurred with turning over in bed & tilting head back. The patient had a positive finding for right torsional up beating nystagmus during Dix-hall pike test. Which of the following interventions would MOST LIKELY be appropriate to perform?

Which of the following side-effects is MOST LIKELY to be associated with the drug Candesartana?

A patient with right cerebrovascular accident demonstrates some visual changes, that are believed to be a result of the cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following would the physical therapist MOST LIKELY expect?

A patient presents to an outpatient physical therapy clinic 20 days status post repair of the flexor tendons of the hand. During this phase of rehabilitation, which exercise would MOST LIKELY be performed?

A patient suffered a head injury after a fall from a tree. Upon examination, the patient responded inconsistently to stimuli, responses were the same regardless of the stimulus presented, limited to gross body movements, and vocalization. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate intervention for this patient?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate description of floor effect?

A 70-year old patient presents with bumping into objects while walking, two falls in the last 2 months, symptoms gradual in onset, sensation intact, no complaints of dizziness or hearing loss, and resting position of the eyes normal with no signs of involuntary eye movements, drooping of eyelids, or double vision. Which of the following cranial nerves is MOST LIKELY impaired?

A physical therapist is assessing a 4-month-old infant that was referred for torticollis. Given the infant’s age, the presence of which of the following findings is LEAST LIKELY expected?

A 50 year old male reports pain in the left groin and near the top of his left thigh. He states that he usually feels the pain even when he’s resting, and it gets worse when he performs any standing activity; he feels as if he needs to limp when walking. He does not recall any trauma associated with his pain. He reports heavy alcohol consumption and that he is trying to decrease the amount he drinks. When asked if he was taking any medication, he states that he was taking a systemic steroid previously for a while, but not currently. During the evaluation, the patient demonstrates a loss of motion in hip flexion, hip internal rotation, and hip abduction. The patient’s ankle dorsiflexion and peroneal strength are within normal limits (WNL) bilaterally. The achilles and patellar reflexes are graded as 2+ each bilaterally. The physical therapist needs to finish the evaluation, but the patient’s clinical presentation, so far, is MOST consistent with:

Based on the assessment demonstrated in the video below, which of the following special tests is the physical therapist MOST LIKELY performing?

*If the video does not load, click HERE to open in a new tab*

Which of the following would be LEAST LIKELY correlated with a potential cause of metabolic acidosis?

A 57 year old male patient arrived at an outpatient physical therapy clinic with a report of low back pain. During the evaluation, the patient also reports general muscle aches, pain, and soreness, along with increased frequency of dark-colored urine. The physical therapist reviewed the patient’s medical chart and noticed that the patient has hyperlipidemia. Which of the following medications is LEAST likely related to this patient’s clinical scenario?

A physical therapist is performing the stork standing lumbar extension test on a patient with low back pain. The patient experiences no pain with back extension while performing unilateral standing, but does experience pain with back extension combined with rotation while unilateral standing. What is the patient’s pain presentation MOST LIKELY correlated with?

Which of the following joint mobilizations would be MOST beneficial to promote wrist joint extension ROM?

Which of the following techniques is the MOST appropriate to INITIALLY increase motor recruitment of a muscle through the use of electromyographic biofeedback?

A patient presents with wrist/hand discomfort and observed deformity of extension of the metacarp0phalangeal joint & distal interphalangeal with flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of this presentation?

A physical therapist performs a gait analysis on a patient with a transfemoral prosthesis and notes the patient has a significant terminal impact during the late swing phase. Which of the following would be the MOST LIKELY cause of this presentation?

A physical therapist is reviewing a 55-year-old patient in the hospital’s chart review, which shows a positron emission topography scan revealed decreased levels of dopamine with degenerative changes at the substantia nigra. Which of the following types of incontinence is the patient at risk of MOST LIKELY developing?

A physical therapist is educating a patient on the various types of sensory receptors. The physical therapist mentions a particular receptor is located in the dermis and highly discriminates touch, as well as the movement of objects over the skin. Which of the following types of sensory receptors is MOST likely described by the therapist?

A physical therapist would like to strengthen the muscles functioning in the D1 extension pattern to improve a patient’s gait pattern. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate technique to achieve this with the patient in supine position?

A physical therapist would like to assess the properties of Adson’s test in diagnosing patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Out of the 125 patients who had thoracic outlet syndrome, 25 tested positive and the remaining tested negative. And out of the 40 patients who did not have thoracic outlet syndrome, 9 tested positive and rest tested negative. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion based on these findings?

A 22 year old patient presents with difficulty walking and sitting on a chair, secondary to the feeling that the patient can’t bend the affected knee as well as the unaffected knee, after injuring knee 3 weeks prior. Patient has been in extension brace for 3 weeks. The physical therapist would like to include joint mobilizations as an intervention. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate intervention to improve this range?

A physical therapist evaluates a patient that presents status post 6 weeks fracture of the medial epicondyle. The patient mentioned experiencing a tingling sensation in the hand, especially on the medial side, and points to the little finger and half of the ring finger. During the examination, which of the following is MOST LIKELY to be displayed?

A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) values are as follows: pH: 7.30; PaCO2: 48 mm Hg; HCO3: 24 mEq/L. The patient displays cyanosis and is adopting a shallow, rapid breathing pattern. The patient’s caregiver reports that that patient has been increasingly confused lately. The patient’s ABG values and clinical signs and symptoms are MOST consistent with:

Which of the following is MOST correlated to a moderate traumatic brain injury according to the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Which of the following is MOST appropriate for a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation hold-relax technique?

A 60-year-old male patient with right-sided hemiplegia presented to a rehabilitation center for physical therapy. Upon the evaluation, the patient displayed slow/cautious behavior, memory impairments, difficulty displaying positive emotion, along with speech and language deficits. Which of the following is MOST likely to be displayed along with the mentioned clinical presentation?

A 40-year-old female patient with Multiple Sclerosis presents with an electric shock-like sensation that runs down the spine into the lower extremities, secondary to neck flexion. What can the patient’s clinical presentation MOST LIKELY be described as?

During the evaluation of a patient with pain in bilateral sacroiliac joints, the physical therapist notes that both the anterior superior iliac spines are positioned anteriorly and inferiorly. What would be the position of the lumbar spine and what is the MOST appropriate intervention to address this issue?

A 21 y.o male has been undergoing regular physical therapy since his left ACL reconstruction surgery 10 days ago. At this point, the physical therapist is MOST LIKELY focusing on:

A physical therapist is educating a patient about the prognosis of Trisomy 21. Which of the following signs and symptoms are MOST LIKELY expected to be seen with this condition?

A physical therapist performs the sensory and motor examination on a patient and determines that the patient has no sensory and motor function below the L2 level. The patient was admitted through the emergency room 14 days ago secondary to a motor vehicle accident. What is the MOST LIKELY rationale for the patient’s current condition?

A 57-year-old male patient with congestive heart failure is utilizing the sci fit bike while working at METs of 2.9. He feels comfortable at rest but has increased fatigue, palpitations at times. There is a marked limitation of functional status. According to the New York Heart Association and functional classification, this patient is MOST likely classified as:

A physical therapist is treating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease along with other multiple comorbidities. Which of the following would NOT be criteria for terminating the exercise?

An obese patient presents status post left middle cerebral artery cerebrovascular accident. Patient has a past medical history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The physical therapist educated the patient on positioning strategies. Which one is the MOST appropriate while sleeping in the right side-lying position?

A physical therapist developed a new test to diagnose a rotator cuff tear. The test-retest correlation was found to be 0.92, the intrarater reliability was 0.91 and interrater reliability was at 0.66. Which of the following statements regarding this test is MOST APPROPRIATE?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a burn injury on the dorsal aspect of the wrist & hand with a moderate level of edema. Which of the following positioning strategies will be MOST appropriate to avoid the formation of contractures?

Which of the following statements regarding the Six Minute Walk Test is MOST accurate?

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with a report of tingling sensations on the dorsum of the foot. The therapist suspects common peroneal nerve involvement. Which of the following straight leg raise (SLR) variations will MOST likely to bias the common peroneal nerve?

A physical therapist is assessing the gait of a patient and observes an early heel rise of the right foot during midstance. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate intervention to address this gait deviation?

Which of the following can be considered the MOST appropriate technique to perform postural drainage on a patient’s anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe?

A 59 year old male patient with a spinal cord injury at the level of T4 is being evaluated at the hospital. The patient’s medical record mentions that he presents with a hyperreflexic bladder (without dyssynergia between the detrusor and sphincter). Which of the following is LEAST likely to be associated with a hyperreflexic bladder?

Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate for a patient with Scheuermann’s disease?

An echocardiogram report revealed left ventricular hypertrophy with ejection fraction of 25-30%. Which of the following heart sounds would MOST LIKELY correlate to this scenario?

A 78 y.o male was admitted to a skilled nursing facility with a medical diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD. The medical record indicated the patient has  an FEV1 of 50% with FEV1/FVC<70%. During the examination, the patient appeared to have SOB during ambulation. According to the GOLD classification, the patient would MOST likely be classified as:

A physical therapist is currently treating a patient diagnosed with myelodysplasia at L3-L4. The patient would MOST LIEKLY benefit with which of the following orthosis?

A physical therapist in the hospital is evaluating a patient status post cerebrovascular accident. The physical therapist notes that the patient had difficulty initiating tasks, demonstrated significant processing delays, and got easily distracted during gait training. Based on these symptoms, the lesion is MOST LIKELY located in which part of the central nervous system?

Which disorder MOST LIKELY occurs with abnormal venous blood flow?

A physical therapist evaluates a patient with persistent chest pain, occasional low back pain, and a brassy cough. Which of the following would the therapist MOST LIKELY expect to be the cause of these findings?

A patient presents status post right cerebrovascular accident with tone in the biceps graded at a 2 on the Modified Ashworth Scale. Which of the following is the MOST effective intervention to address this finding?

A physical therapist is working with a patient status post left cerebrovascular accident on stair climbing. The patient has 4/5 strength in the affected lower extremity and 3+/5 in the upper extremity. Which of the following is CONTRAINDICATED to maintain the safety of the patient while descending stairs?

A physical therapist reviews radiographs of a patient with bilateral knee osteoarthritis. Which of the following radiographic findings would be MOST LIKELY found with this patient?

During an evaluation, the physical therapist notes an ulcer on the patient’s heel and documents it as an unstageable ulcer. Which of the following BEST describes an unstageable pressure ulcer?

A patient with multiple sclerosis with a history of optic neuritis is present. When shining a light in the patient’s right eye, a reflex contraction is produced in both eyes. When shining a light in the patient’s left eye, dilation occurs in both pupils. Which of the following terms is BEST correlated to this patient presentation?

Which of the following manifestations would MOST LIKELY be displayed by a patient if hyperthyroidism was suspected?

Which of the following is a physical therapist MOST LIKELY going to note during the evaluation of a patient with long standing structural idiopathic scoliosis?

 A 32-year-old female, postpartum, arrived at an outpatient physical therapy clinic with a report of low back pain. The patient had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery and was cleared by the physician. During the evaluation, the physical therapist noted that the patient had a diastasis recti with 3 cm separation. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be recommended to this patient?

A physical therapist is organizing a webinar to educate members of the community, adults over 60 years of age, on various strategies to prevent falls. Which of the following is CONTRAINDICATED to be recommended to this population?

A physical therapist is educating a patient on the different layers of the pelvic floor. Which of the following structures is NOT a  part of the pelvic diaphragm?

A patient reports to physical therapy with a complaint of jaw pain. The physical therapist would like to measure the amount of mouth opening displayed by the patient. Referencing the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which of the following is MOST correlated with the typical (normal) amount of maximal mouth opening?

A physical therapist positions the patient into hip flexion, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion, to tension a particular nerve. Which of the following nerves is MOST LIKELY being biased in this case?

A 52-year-old male has been at a skilled nursing facility recovering from a left Middle Cerebral Artery cerebrovascular accident for the past several weeks. During reassessment, the physical therapist notes the patient continues to progress well with all skilled therapy interventions, incorporate difficult movement patterns through isolated joint movements, and there is significant decrease in limb synergies losing dominance over motor actions. What motor recovery stage would the patient MOST LIKELY be classified as?

Which of the following is MOST LIKELY considered to be a criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in a 52-year-old male?

Which of the following is MOST accurate in relation to the beginning portion of manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema?

A physical therapist is treating a young athlete for a sprained ankle. The physical therapist has tried all means of interventions, but the patient’s ankle does not seem to get better. Therefore, the patient has asked for release of paperwork to consult an orthopedic. The physical therapist talks to their coworker at lunch about this patient’s case to figure out a solution and holds the release of paperwork until then. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY violation that occurred in this scenario?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate position to use for postural drainage of the right middle lobe of the lung?

A physical therapist plans to incorporate skills such as, transitioning into prone on elbows, for a patient with a T5 level Spinal Cord Injury. Which of the following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques would be MOST appropriate to utilize in this training session?

Patient presents with a glenohumeral capsular pattern of restriction. Which of the following activities may be MOST difficult for the patient to perform?

Which of the following is NOT required when seeing a patient that presents with Clostridium difficile?

A patient has an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 0.70. Which of the following is MOST likely going to be present with this patient scenario?

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with a long standing history of rheumatoid arthritis. The patient’s hand presents with flexion of the metacarpophalangeal & distal interphalangeal joints, along with extension of the proximal interphalangeal joints. What can the patient’s hand presentation MOST LIKELY be described as?

Which of the following joint mobilizations will MOST LIKELY increase forearm supination motion?

A 62 year old male patient presents to a physical therapy clinic a few weeks post a right-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA) with spasticity.The patient has a physician referral that mentions the use of electrical stimulation to reeducate the muscles supporting the glenohumeral joint. Which of the following parameters is LEAST likely to be utilized in this plan of care initially?

A physical therapist would like to utilize vapocoolant spray to various trigger points and their related tight muscles. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate technique when using vapocoolant spray?

The physical therapist was successfully able to reproduce a patient’s symptoms as shown in the picture below. A positive finding on which of the following tests is the MOST accurate way to document these findings?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate capsular pattern for the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint?

A patient has progressed to moving with one crutch and opposite extremity together followed by the opposite crutch and the other extremity. Which of the following MOST LIKELY describes this gait pattern?

What would be the MOST APPROPRIATE intervention for a patient with a platelet count of 21,000?

A physical therapist would like to incorporate pelvic floor training on a female patient post pregnancy; the patient has been cleared to exercise by her physician. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be associated with pelvic floor training?

Which axis of the body does lateral flexion of the spine MOST LIKELY correlate with?

A physical therapist decides to include machinery based work for a patient. While performing the exercise, the patient loses balance and falls down on their buttock, but does not sustain any injury. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate step of the treating physical therapist?

A clinician is assessing a patient who gets dyspnea with the activities of daily living. Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for reducing dyspnea and improve the quality of life?

Which of the following stages of cancer correlates MOST to carcinoma in situ?

A patient with congestive heart failure has pitting edema bilaterally in the feet and must use at least three pillows to be able to sleep at night. Which of the following signs would be MOST LIKELY found on this patient’s chest x-ray?

Which of the following laboratory tests would MOST LIKELY be considered within normal limits?

A physical therapist works with a patient who sustained a lesion in the left hemisphere. When the physical therapist asked the patient to demonstrate how to put a shirt on, the patient was unable to, but later in the day, the physical therapist noted the patient putting on a shirt independently without being asked. Which of the following BEST describes the patient’s clinical presentation?

A 35 year old presents with tingling and weakness in the right upper extremity, and tested positive on the upper limb neurodynamic tension test with the following position: shoulder abduction to 90 degrees, elbow flexed, forearm supinated, and wrist extended with radial deviation. Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be associated with the patient’s clinical presentation at the wrist and hand?

Which of the following lab values would MOST LIKELY be of concern for the physical therapist when determining exercise?

A 28-year-old female has been attending outpatient physical therapy due to difficulty ambulating. The physical therapist is using patellar mobilizations to increase knee range of motion to restore a natural gait pattern. The physical therapist taught the patient self mobilization to be performed at home. Based on the video, which motion is the mobilization MOST LIKELY increasing?

An 8-month-old infant is being evaluated by a pediatric physical therapist. Which of the following milestones should the infant MOST LIKELY already be able to perform?

An examiner is having the patient perform this test as shown in the picture below. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way to document this test?

A 45-year-old male patient arrives at an outpatient clinic with complaints of  pain in the right shoulder in the supraspinatus area since the last 4 weeks. The physical therapist considers the use of ultrasound to alleviate the pain.  Which of the following parameters are MOST APPROPRIATE for this patient?

A physical therapist evaluates the gait of a patient with a below knee amputation of the left lower extremity with a prosthesis. The patient is demonstrating an early left knee flexion during late stance phase. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY contributing to this gait deviation?

What type of skin disorder does the image MOST LIKELY depict?  

A 35-year-old female patient, who is employed as a factory worker, presented at an outpatient clinic with bilateral ankle pain. Upon further examination, the therapist found that the pain increased during standing activities and on palpation of the talonavicular joint. Patient had also complained that he felt very stiff every morning for at least 3 hours. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these findings?

Which of the following is MOST consistent with the typical guidelines for inspiratory muscle training?

A physical therapy student is in their first clinical rotation. Their clinical instructor is teaching them about the scope of physical therapist practice. Which of the following is LEAST appropriate about the responsibilities of a physical therapist?

A PT is working with a patient and notices the following on the ECG monitor. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate step for the PT to take?

A physical therapist administered the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance to a a 55 year old male with Parkinson’s Disease. Results indicated that the patient experienced instability while standing on foam surface with eyes open, standing on foam surface with eyes closed, and standing on foam surface with a visual conflict dome. Which of the following could the physical therapist MOST LIEKLY conclude about the patient?

A 59-year old patient presents with reports of fatigue and dyspnea during activities of daily living, grade 2 pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities, presence of an S3 heart sound with auscultation, and was recently diagnosed with diastolic dysfunction. Which of the following findings are MOST likely associated with this patient’s condition?

Which of the following patients would MOST LIKELY display a positive McMurray Test?

A 62 year old patient with long-standing history of alcohol abuse presents with upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, increases with walking & laying down, and pain decreases when sitting and leaning forward. The patient explains how nauseous the patient has been lately, experienced episodes of vomiting, fever, and feeling of weakness. A Grey Turner’s sign and jaundice is noted on the patient. Which of the following is MOST likely expected to be present with the patient?

Which of the following parameters is MOST correlated to muscle strengthening parameters for electrical stimulation?

A 42 year old male is admitted to the hospital with severe liver damage secondary to chronic alcoholism. Which of the following would MOST LIKELY be correlated with the patient’s lab report?

A physical therapist is performing a neurological evaluation of a patient admitted to a skilled nursing facility. When the therapist stimulates the back of the patient’s throat on the left side, he notices an absence of response. Stimulation of the palate on the right side causes the elevation of soft palate with no deviation to either side. Which of the following cranial nerves is LEAST likely to be intact?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a diagnosis of periarthritis of the right shoulder joint. The therapist notes the patient’s eyeballs appear protruded as shown in the picture below. Which of the following could be the MOST LIKELY cause of this presentation?

A physical therapist evaluates a patient who presents with bilateral hip pain and significant anterior pelvic tilt. Which of the following muscles are MOST LIKELY considered to be weak?

A physical therapist is reviewing the difference between sensitivity and specificity with the student physical therapist. Which of the following is MOST likely to be associated with sensitivity?

In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, what changes would occur MOST LIKELY to the systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

A 55-year-old patient presents to the hospital with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The physician diagnosed the patient with possible sepsis. Laboratory findings were as follows in the table below. Which of the following acid-base disturbances aligns with this diagnosis?

A physical therapist is educating a patient on the functionality of a stress echo to compare left ventricular (LV) function and wall motion. With regards to the functional activity, which of the following is LEAST appropriate in terms of results from a stress echo?

Which of the following is CONTRAINDICATED for strength training in a cardiac rehabilitation program?

A physical therapy assistant is treating a patient with right knee pain for 4 weeks with a frequency of 2 visits/week. At the current visit, the physical therapy assistant notes that the patient has improved in their condition and has met the goals established by the physical therapist during the initial evaluation. What would be the NEXT step of the physical therapist assistant towards the conclusion of the plan of care?

A physical therapist is assessing the strength of muscles in a patient with left ankle pain. The therapist asks the patient to dorsiflex and invert the foot as the therapist resists the motion. The patient was able to perform the full ROM against gravity, but was unable to hold the position. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way for the therapist to document this finding?